Alex CarterGet in touch

Birmingham, UK · Open to relocation · EU/UK dual citizen

Alex Carter

Fraud, Financial Crime & Risk · MSc Data Science (Distinction)

I investigate fraud, own the compliance policy that governs it, and build the machine learning that detects it.

Distinction
MSc Data Science
3 yrs
visa compliance policy & risk decisioning
£60k+
individual fraud recoveries at DWP
0.89
ROC-AUC on live operational data

Selected work

Problems where the data has something to hide.

The only project here built on live professional data: a targeting gap I identified inside my own operation, and an end-to-end pipeline built and validated to close it.

The operation screens 2,500–5,000 applications an intake cycle against a hard interview capacity of 300–600 — and that scarce capacity was allocated by a blanket eligibility rule, with nothing ranking one application as riskier than another. I built an end-to-end supervised learning pipeline on 3,957 anonymised CAS-shield applications from the live operation (16 features, four intake cycles, 2022–2025), classifying interview outcomes so the highest-risk cases surface first under the UK’s tightened 2025 compliance rules. My employer enabled the professional side of the work: access to operational data, and the room to build on it.

Compared classifiers, then two-stage Random Forest tuning (RandomizedSearchCV then GridSearchCV), testing class weighting, resampling and feature engineering against significant class imbalance. Test balanced accuracy 0.85 (up 4.7 points on baseline), ROC-AUC 0.89, and 88.9% recall on the minority Failed class. Five-fold CV held at 0.86 ± 0.03. Accommodation, age, deposit and course fee drove over 94% of importance — I chose a model a compliance officer can interrogate and defend over a marginally sharper one they cannot. Awarded 72% on the 60-credit research project, part of an MSc Data Science awarded with Distinction.

View repository ↗
  • Python
  • scikit-learn
  • Random Forest
  • Live operational data
  • Fraud & risk
anonymised cases
3,957
ROC-AUC
0.89
Failed-class recall
88.9%
balanced accuracy
0.85

Problem I identified

I spotted the operational gap — interview capacity allocated by a blanket rule rather than by risk — and designed the modelling approach to close it. The employer enabled the data; they did not set the problem.

Why it never shipped

It is a validated proof of concept, not a production system. Before it could go into the operation, the executive team relaxed interview requirements and the business case changed. The lesson I took: adoption depends on the policy environment and the stakeholder coalition, not on the evaluation metrics.

Distinction overall

72% on the 60-credit dissertation, studied full-time alongside a full-time Grade 8 role, and part of an MSc Data Science awarded with Distinction.

Highest-band work on the core programming module: a constraint-propagation solver, then a full election-analytics pipeline on a century of UK results.

Two assessed tasks, one mark: 91.1%, at the top of the cohort. Task 1 is a constraint-propagation solver for Futoshiki-style 5×5 grids. Task 2 is a complete data-science workflow on 18,000+ UK constituency-election rows from 1918–2024 — cleaning, exploratory analysis, then models that predict 2024 outcomes.

The solver implements uniqueness, row and column inequalities, pair and triple constraints, and existence checks, and solves the four set configurations. The election pipeline uses logistic regression (~75% accuracy) and a PyTorch classifier (~80–85% on held-out 2024 seats), with linear regression for Labour vote share and the same cleaning steps reproduced in SQL.

View repository ↗
  • Python
  • Pandas
  • scikit-learn
  • PyTorch
  • SQL
module grade
91.1%
constituency results
18k+
PyTorch 2024 accuracy
~85%
election span
1918–24

Constraint solver

A from-scratch propagation algorithm for Latin-square and inequality constraints — uniqueness, pairs, triples, existence — not a library wrapper around someone else’s solver.

Election pipeline

Cleaned a century of parliamentary data, visualised vote structure, then predicted 2024 seats with both classical ML and a neural classifier, plus an SQL pass of the same cleaning.

Top of cohort

91.1% on the core programming module, one of three MSc units scored above 90%, completed while working full-time.

The mathematical half of the toolkit: conjugate Bayesian inference, graphical models, and a from-scratch EM implementation for Gaussian mixtures.

Two assessed reports covering the core of probabilistic modelling. Coursework 1: Poisson–Gamma inference on 10,000 hospital birth counts, a two-class density model for student hours, and a Bayesian network for disease transmission with exact fractional probability updates as evidence changed. Coursework 2: derived moments of a coupled Poisson mixture, compared international dealership sales with proper normalisation, then trained Gaussian mixture models on Old Faithful eruption data.

Maximum likelihood and MAP for a Gamma prior on a Poisson rate (λ_ML = 4.968, λ_MAP = 4.968, 95% credible interval 4.924–5.011). Uniform-versus-normal class-conditional densities, a decision boundary, and a 37.8% misclassification rate on the fail-as-pass error. For mixtures: own EM implementation run side-by-side with scikit-learn; both agreed, and K = 2 was selected on likelihood, parsimony and the known two-regime geyser literature.

View repository ↗
  • Python
  • Bayesian inference
  • EM algorithm
  • GMM
  • scikit-learn
Poisson observations
10k
λ MAP / MLE
4.97
GMM selected
K = 2
verified vs sklearn
Own EM

Bayesian inference

Conjugate Poisson–Gamma updating on 10,000 observations: prior, likelihood, posterior, MLE versus MAP, and a 95% credible interval — the maths written out, then computed.

Graphical models

A directed acyclic network for disease transmission. Joint factorisation kept in fractions, then P(Ruth | evidence) updated as symptoms and a noisy test arrived.

From-scratch EM

Implemented the EM algorithm for a Gaussian mixture, checked it against scikit-learn on the same Old Faithful sample, and chose K = 2 on likelihood, simplicity and domain knowledge.

Aston’s International and Visa Compliance teams won Enroly’s national Data Insights Innovator Award — and I was on stage with the team to collect it. The award recognised data-led compliance work: using CAS Shield and operational insight to issue more sponsorships, faster, with less noise in the student inbox.

The judged result was institutional, not a vanity metric: 1,000 more CAS issued with no extra staff, CAS processing time cut by 80%, and student–staff email down 62%. This was a team award to the function I work in, not a personal one — but it is the live environment my modelling sits in.

  • Award
  • Compliance
  • CAS Shield
  • Higher education
Aston University team on stage at EnrolyCon 2025 with the Data Insights Innovator award. Alex Carter is second from the right.
EnrolyCon 2025 · Data Insights Innovator · Aston University
CAS, no extra staff
+1,000
faster CAS processing
80%
less student email
62%
national award
2025

A caseload of 150–300 fraud cases across a series of named national operations: identity fraud, organised and facilitated claims, account takeover of hijacked claims, residency and living-abroad fraud, housing and landlord fraud, and forged or altered documents and bank statements. Proved fraud and secured repayments, including individual recoveries in excess of £60,000.

Trained to conduct fraud interviews and to verify identity documents, bank statements and complete claim files to an evidential standard. Analysed claim histories, transactional records and behavioural patterns to separate deliberate misrepresentation from genuine error. This is where the investigative instinct behind the models comes from — I know how a control gets defeated because I have sat opposite the people defeating it.

  • Fraud investigation
  • Identity fraud
  • Account takeover
  • Organised fraud
  • Document verification

Experience

From fraud investigation to machine learning.

Now

Aston University

July 2023 to Present

Visa Compliance Credibility Officer in a live Student visa sponsorship operation: interviews, policy ownership, and turning a moving Home Office regime into something the university can actually run.

Visa Compliance Credibility Officer

Present

July 2023 to Present

  • Lead Pre-CAS credibility interviews, judging whether applicants are genuine students before a Confirmation of Acceptance for Studies is issued. This is the university’s last line of defence before a Student visa application reaches the Home Office.
  • Own Aston’s immigration policies: drafting, updating and embedding them as UKVI rules shift, so institutional practice stays aligned with government guidance without waiting for a crisis to force the change.
  • Grade 8 officer in an eight-person team, one of four at that grade, holding sign-off authority and representing the university to UKVI and external audit. Trained junior colleagues to cover core duties during shortages, so the operation’s resilience did not depend on a single person being in the room.
  • Contributed to strong compliance outcomes without treating the academic cycle as an afterthought. That included issuing CAS, running enrolment and other key events, and hosting webinars and student-facing briefings so applicants arrived visa-ready rather than in a queue to be rescued.
  • Worked with senior stakeholders across the university wherever sponsorship risk had something material to say, translating dense compliance guidance into operational decisions academic and commercial colleagues could act on.

MSc Data Science (Distinction)

Sept 2024 to May 2026

  • Full-time master’s, agreed with my manager and an Associate Dean — I built the business case and organised the approvals myself — completed alongside a full-time Grade 8 role. Dissertation: a machine-learning approach to risk detection on live visa-compliance data, from a problem I identified in the operation itself.
  • Distinction overall. Top of cohort (above 90%) in Programming for Data Science, Network Science, and Statistical Machine Learning.

Public sector

Department for Work and Pensions

2021 to July 2023

Work coaching for young people and refugees, a temporary promotion leading ten coaches in Solihull, then fraud investigation with recoveries in excess of £60,000.

Fraud Investigator

July 2022 to July 2023

  • Reappointed as an Executive Officer and moved into fraud investigation: trained to conduct fraud interviews and to verify identity documents, bank statements and the rest of a claim file.
  • Worked a caseload of 150–300 cases across a series of named operations — identity fraud, organised and facilitated claims, account takeover, residency fraud, housing and landlord fraud, and forged documents.
  • Proved fraud on a substantial caseload and secured repayments, including individual recoveries in excess of £60,000.

Work Coach Team Leader

Feb 2022 to July 2022

  • Temporary promotion to lead a team of 10 work coaches at a new Solihull jobcentre, covering leave, performance, and the day-to-day running of the team.
  • Took policy changes from above and put them into practice on the floor, keeping the team with the change rather than working around it.
  • Set up employment partnerships with Costa Coffee in the Birmingham area, opening a route into retail work for Ukrainian refugees.

Work Coach

Sept 2021 to Feb 2022

  • Worked with young people and with refugees from Ukraine and Afghanistan across three Birmingham jobcentres, with a strong record of moving both groups into work.
  • Took on diary management for the wider office, making appointment slots digitally available against colleague roles and actual availability.
  • Tracked operational data including footfall through the jobcentre, so the office could see how the floor was actually being used.

Early career

AA Taxis

2016 to 2020

A control-room job that became running a 300-vehicle fleet, then a lived-in student housing role holding a block of flats together.

Accommodation Champion

University student housing · Part-time, alongside studies

  • Lived-in community representative for the student apartment block I lived in, on a part-time, irregular pattern around lectures.
  • Organised events so flatmates actually met each other, and drop-in surgeries so residents could raise problems and have them fed back to be fixed.
  • Stepped in to mediate when tenants were in conflict, keeping the block liveable rather than letting disputes sit.

Dispatch Controller

AA Taxis · Promoted after a few years

  • Promoted from the phones to keep a fleet of 300 vehicles moving on time, matching jobs to cars across the shift.
  • Shift supervisor for the telephonists: office conduct, standards, and keeping the floor working as a team under pressure.
  • Owned customer experience and complaints, including executive account holders who expected the service to hold up.

Telephonist

AA Taxis · From 2016

  • First role: taking bookings and handling callers on a busy taxi control-room floor.
  • Learned to stay clear with customers and drivers when the board was full and timings were tight.
  • The job that led to the promotion onto dispatch.

Skills

A toolkit built for messy, high-stakes data.

Fraud & financial crime

  • Fraud investigation
  • Fraud interviewing
  • Identity fraud
  • Account takeover
  • Organised & facilitated fraud
  • Document verification
  • Risk-based screening
  • Regulatory compliance

Languages & libraries

  • Python
  • Pandas
  • NumPy
  • Scikit-learn
  • XGBoost
  • PyTorch
  • SQL
  • R
  • Matplotlib
  • Seaborn

Machine learning

  • Supervised & unsupervised learning
  • Statistical ML
  • Probabilistic modelling
  • Class imbalance
  • Feature engineering
  • Model evaluation & validation
  • Network & graph analysis

Data & tools

  • Cleaning & pipelines
  • Exploratory analysis
  • Visualisation
  • Git
  • Power BI
  • Advanced Excel
  • Enroly / CAS Shield

A little bit about me

Ten years of work. A master’s, earned in parallel.

I have been working for ten years — from public-sector fraud investigation and team leadership at the Department for Work and Pensions, through to visa compliance at Aston University, where I own institutional policy and lead the credibility interviews that sit at the front of sponsorship risk.

I completed an MSc in Data Science with Distinction, studying full-time while holding a full-time Grade 8 role. My dissertation built and validated a risk-screening model on live operational data from the function I work in.

What I want next is to put those two halves in the same job: the investigative instinct that knows how fraud defeats a control, and the modelling to catch it at scale.

I care about AI, data, politics and defence. Away from work I swim, play guitar, and unwind with video games. I built this site from scratch.

Interested in

  • AI
  • Data
  • Politics
  • Defence
  • Financial crime

Outside of work

  • Swimming
  • Guitar
  • Video games

Contact

If you are hiring for fraud, financial crime, risk or data science — say hello.

Birmingham, UK. Open to relocation · EU/UK dual citizen.

I am open to a variety of work, not only the labels on this page. If you have a specific role in mind, bring it — I would rather discuss the brief than wait for the job title to match the badge.

alex@alexcarter.uk

© 2026 Alex Carter